Gonorrhea Essay -- essays research papers

Gonorrhea   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We chose the bacterial disease gonorrhea. We were not able to find when the disease was discovered or who discovered it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gonorrhea is a bacterial disease that is an infection caused by gonoccocus bacteria. This bacteria is round shaped and can live only in dark, warm, moist places. These places would include; inside your body, cervix, penis, throat, and rectum. It usually involves the urethra in males, and vagina, cervix, and fallopian tubes in females.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For 2-9 days there are no symptoms of Gonorrhea. Then some do occur. There can be frequent burring urination and thick green-yellow discharge from the penis or vagina. Also, there may be rectal discomfort and discharge, joint pain, a mild rash, or sore throat and swollen glands. For men, the opening of the penis may be red and sore. Symptoms of gonorrhea show up more in males than in females, in fact, about half of the women with gonorrhea have no symptoms. Effects of this disease could include; gonococcal eye infection, blood poisoning, infectious arthritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, epididnmitis, endocarditis, sexual impotence in men, and infertility in women. Also, pregnant women can infect unborn babies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gonorrhea can be diagnosed by tests that include blood studies. There could be laboratory cultures and microscopic analysis of the discharge from the reproductive organs, rectum, or throat....

Gladiator: Critical film essay Essay

Ridley Scott’s Gladiator is the critically acclaimed 2000 film starring Russell Crowe which won forty-eight awards, including a BAFTA for best film. Gladiator depicts the tale of Maximus Decimus Meridius and his struggle against the might of the Roman Empire and the vicious gladiatorial arenas. Throughout Scott’s masterpiece are a wide range of filmic techniques in the visual and auditory channels that collaborate in enunciating the overall narrative. The opening sequence is a prime example that uses Mise-en-scene, lighting, costume and film speed to enunciate the key scene. The opening scene begins with some historical information that introduces the audience into the scene and sets up the narrative. Scott informs his audience on the vast scale of the Roman Empire, â€Å"One quarter of the world’s population lived and died under the Caesars.† The emphasis is on â€Å"and died† in order to set the scene for the incoming battle. The Universal and Dre amWorks logos are in a sepia colour. This colour informs the audience that the film is set in the past due to it being used for old photographs and ink. The historical information is accompanied by calming, serene music which leads to the first view of the protagonist. Scott has made use of coloured lighting, incorporating gold (which is representative of the wealth the Roman Empire had) in many scenes throughout the film. The colour gold is an interesting choice because it represents peace and riches which could also be a reference to the Roman afterlife Elysium. Scott has used Mise-en-scene in the first shot of the protagonist, brushing his hand in the corn field. Although the audience are only presented with an extreme close up shot of his hand; they learn about his character through Scott’s control of what appears in the frame. The audience sees a wedding ring on his hand and so learn that he is a family man. The critic John Gibbs also comments on Mise-en scene, â€Å"the contents of the frame and the way they are organised.† During the close-up of the protagonist’s hand, the audience can hear a diegetic sound of the wheat blowing. A non-diegetic sound of children playing and soothing music can also be heard which again tel ls the audience he is a family man with something to loose. The consonant tone of music and golden cornfields set up an idyllic scene of calmness which instantly contrasts when the frame cuts to a harsh, cold and dark Germanic battlefield. The camera uses a medium close up of Maximus’s face which reveals the emotions of a tired soldier. Maximus catches a glimpse of a red  robin which symbolises his near return home to the summer and his family. The robin’s red breast could also be a signifier of the forthcoming bloodshed. When Maximus moves on to greet his army a long shot is used which displays him walking alone. The theme of isolation comes into play which also recurs throughout the film. As the battle scene draws near, a high angle long shot is used to display the mighty Roman army. Costume is used a great deal in Gladiator and adds to the films authentic feel. A medium close up shot is used for the first time on Emperor Marcus Aurelius which shows him wearing rich clothing and surrounded by knights. This scene only lasts a few seconds but the audience discover he is a man of importance through costume. Moreover, Scott wanted Maximus to appear as a strong character that holds high authority as an important character. This is achieved through costume as Maximus’s armour is bigger than all other characters and has different insignias weaved into it. The costume for the barbarian army is rather contrasting to that of the Roman Empire. The barbarians are dressed in rugged cloth which suggests they are not nearly as advanced or wealthy as the Roams who wear steel armour. A Critical Introd uction to Film highlights the importance of costume, â€Å"Costume provides information about time and place, but, more importantly, they express social milieu and personal style.† At 04:41 the barbarian leader steps forward from his army and lunges the head of the Roman messenger into the swampy ground and disrespects the Roman army. This is a casual chain of events that help drive the plot forward, â€Å"Film narration moves forward by a succession of events linked in a casual chain.† It is evident that the Roman army will fight now and Maximus kneels down to run dirt through his hands which is a recurring motif. The motif shows the spiritual side of Maximus, he asks the gods to fight beside him. As Maximus kneels down the audience are given a Point of View shot through Maximus staring into a dog’s eyes. The dog symbolises the brute force of Maximus and suggests he is a wild character. As Gladiator mounts his horse the music quickens and a non-diegetic drum beat begins to enunciate the battle scene. The music increases pace as the battle almost begins which heightens audience’s tension and excitement. As the battle begins a wave of Roman arrows are dispersed and computer generated imagery showcases a variety of special effects. A long range establishing shot on a high angle displays the dest ruction that the Roman Empire is unleashing. As  Gladiator rides with his cavalry there is an array of fast cutting shots that last a few seconds each. The fast paced shots give the audience a battle like feel with exaggerated sound effects of swords clashing and explosions. Maximus demonstrates his leadership role by shouting commands like, â€Å"Stay with me† and â€Å"Hold the line† . After the establishing shots of the battle Scott includes scenes that are more subjective to Gladiator. The gory battle follows Maximus as he enters a slow-motion phase that displays his disorientated point of view of the battle and a montage of his men fighting. Furthermore, the dog also engages in battle which suggests he is strong and independent like Gladiator. Ridley Scott’s Gladiator incorporates brilliant techniques that contribute in enunciating the opening sequence. These techniques are things such as the use of costume which generates an authentic feel and camera speed which demonstrates a terrifying battle. A strong use of Mise-en-scene shows how the narrative develops through camera lighting and casual chains in the plot.

Graduate School Adviser vs. Mentor Whats the Difference

The terms mentor and adviser are often used interchangeably in graduate school.  Duke Graduate School  notes, however, that while the two overlap, mentors  and advisers serve very different roles. They both help graduate students move forward in their studies. But, a mentor encompasses a far wider role than an adviser. Adviser vs. Mentor An adviser may be assigned to you by the graduate program, or you may be able to pick your own adviser. Your adviser helps you select courses and might direct your thesis or dissertation. Your adviser may or may not become your mentor. A mentor, however, does not simply provide advice on curriculum issues, or what courses to take. The late  Morris Zelditch, an American sociologist  and emeritus  professor of sociology at Stanford University, defined the six roles of mentors in a 1990 speech at the Western Association of Graduate Schools. Mentors, said Zelditch, act as: Advisers, people with career experience willing to share their knowledgeSupporters, people who give emotional and moral encouragementTutors, people who give specific feedback on your performanceMasters, in the sense of employers to whom you might be apprenticedSponsors, sources of information about, and aid in, obtaining opportunitiesModels of the kind of person you should be as an academic scholar Note that adviser is only one of the roles that a mentor might play during your years at graduate school and beyond. A Mentors Many Hats A mentor facilitates your growth and development: She becomes a trusted ally and guides you through the graduate and postdoctoral years. In science, for example, mentoring often takes the form of an apprenticeship relationship, sometimes within the context of an  assistantship. The mentor aids the student in scientific instruction, but perhaps more importantly, socializes the student to the norms of the scientific community. The same is true in the humanities; however, the guidance is not as observable as teaching a laboratory technique. Instead, it is largely intangible, such as modeling patterns of thought. Science mentors also model thinking and problem-solving. The Advisers Important Role This in no way minimizes the importance of an adviser, who, after all, may eventually become a mentor. College Xpress, an educational publisher focusing on college and graduate school, notes that an adviser can  guide you through whatever graduate school difficulties you might encounter. If you are allowed to chose your adviser, College Xpress says that you should choose wisely: Start looking around in your department for someone who has similar interests and has achieved professional success or recognition within their field. Consider their standing in the university, their own career achievements, their network of associates, and even their current group of advisees. Make sure that your adviser will have the time to help you plan your academic career in graduate school. After all, the right adviser might eventually become a mentor. Tips and Hints Some may say that the difference between adviser and mentor is just semantic. These are usually students who have been lucky enough to have had advisers who take an interest in them, guide them, and teach them how to be professionals. That is, without realizing it, they have had adviser-mentors. Expect your relationship with your mentor to be professional but also personal. Many students maintain contact with their mentors after graduate school, and mentors often are a source of information and support as new graduates enter the world of work. 1 Zelditch, M. (1990). Mentor Roles, Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Western Association of Graduate Schools. Cited in Powell, R.C.. Pivo, G. (2001), Mentoring: The Faculty-Graduate Student Relationship. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona

Social Media And Anxiety From A Medical Point Of View

Social media creates anxiety and stress because it creates pressure to maintain an identity and live up to certain standards. But, it fails to be recognized as a real issue in young people because of the lack of attention from medical professionals. In this paper, I will analyze and gather research from multiple scholarly articles that give their opinion on social media and anxiety. Firstly, I will look at social media and anxiety from a medical point of view I will then collect information that suggests that social media is causing multiple feelings of stress, low self-esteem, and the faà §ade or fake lifestyle which puts pressures on young people today. Social media and anxiety are extremely relevant to today’s society. Especially now more†¦show more content†¦Davey’s research supports a medical article by phycologist Kerkar Pramod. Pramod argues that Social Media Anxiety Disorder is an actual, very real diagnosis for which we can receive treatment and even recovery tips. He states that this disorder contributes to other serious mental illnesses such as depression (Pramod). Acknowledging the disorder is helping many understand it as a vital factor of their stress, loneliness, and anxiety. Pramod and Davey both show the severity of what this addiction can do in their articles. Davey looks at the effects of social media and anxiety and explains the loneliness aspect of it (Davey). Yet, Pramod identifies the causes and symptoms which suggest several professionals including phycologists are aware of the illness (Pramod). However, whilst few acknowledge the disorder there does seem to be an overall lack of attention from most medical professionals. This is shown in the DSM. The â€Å"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders† written by the American Psychiatric Association is the complete categorization and analysis of every mental disorder (Oquendo, et al). The DSM neglects to present a particular disorder which is referred to as the â€Å"Internet addiction disorder†. It is not categorized in their latest manual of DSM-5, 2013. Therefore, the disorder not being in the DSM, the most commonly used source for psychiatrists,Show MoreRelatedSocial Me dia Produces Anxiety And Stress Because It Creates1552 Words   |  7 PagesSocial media produces anxiety and stress because it creates pressure to maintain an identity and live up to certain standards. However, social media is not recognized as a real issue in young people because of the lack of attention from medical professionals. In this paper, I will analyze and gather research from multiple scholarly articles that give their opinion on social media and anxiety. Firstly, I will look at social media and anxiety from a medical point of view I will then collect informationRead MoreSocial Media s Effect On A Young Woman s Body Image1298 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Media’s Effect on a Young Woman’s Body Image Social media has become a pastime that consumes hours and hours of so many lives today. Most all women have been impacted in some kind of way by Facebook, Snapchat, Instagram and Twitter because they are using it on a daily basis. Some of these women do not even realize how much they have been negatively impacted by using social media. People see information posted that they would not have known if it were not for social media. SometimesRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society1421 Words   |  6 PagesSocial media has become a very popular form of entertainment, resource for information and an excellent tool for communicating your thoughts and personal life with the rest of the world. In this day and age it is very uncommon to not be connected to the internet in some way or another, But just like everything Social Media has it’s pros and cons. Many people can agree that Social Media is a life changing tool that helps us find out more about the world and help s us connect to people around us orRead MoreEssay about Social Phobia or Just Shyness1667 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Phobia or Just Shyness As pharmaceutical companies began advertising on television several years ago, many prescription drug advertisements flooded the airwaves. One such drug was for the treatment of social anxiety disorder, also called social phobia. In investigating the causes, symptoms, and treatment of social anxiety disorder, I found that while drug companies and some researchers have hailed the unveiling of a drug for social anxiety as an important step, others feel thatRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society1302 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Social Media such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and YouTube are web-based activities that provide individuals access to build a public or a semi-public profile within a confined system, connect and find users that they share a connection with as well as view and navigate the list of connections that are made by other participants of the systems (Boyd Ellison, 2007). Social media is widely used by young adults contributing to about 84% of the total usage (Smith, 2011). Some of theRead MoreThe Impact Of Modern Technology On Us And Our Society Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pagestechnology brought many positive improvements into our lives and our society, it can also brought negative impacts on our society and on oneself. Today technology is largely beneficial to individuals for personal use, businesses, schools, military, and medical as well as hospital use. Technology has a tremendous impact on people, today humans are capable of having instant access to information, allowing them to be in steady contact with the world and it is literally available at the tip of our fingersRead MoreHealth Concerns And Health Issues1025 Words   |  5 PagesHealth communication informs the consumer about health concerns and health issues. Social change and communication works hand in hand. Developing a dialogue in social change to help bridge the gaps due to lack of communication will be a positive step in better health care. â€Å"Health communication has much to celebrate and contribute. The field is gaining recognition in part because of its emphasis on combining theory and practice in understanding communication processes and changing human behaviors†Read MorePsychology : Theory Of Psychology1637 Words   |  7 Pagespersonality is comprised of three major parts: ID, ego, and super-ego. In addition, most of the aspects of one’s pers onality and actions are driven by parts of the unconscious mind and at times contradict with the conscious mind, where this creates anxiety. Therefore, in the perspective of someone who is an advocate of psychodynamic psychology, human aggression would be based on motives that are unconscious, where perhaps hatred or jealousy may play an aspect in human aggression. The best and most effectiveRead MoreContribution of Psychology and Social Psychology to the Study of Health and Welfare Issues1358 Words   |  6 PagesContribution of Psychology and Social Psychology to the Study of Health and Welfare Issues In this assignment I will be comparing and contrasting two psychological approaches demonstrating their relevance to understanding a health issue. The issue that I will be applying the two psychological approaches to is Smoking. The psycho dynamic approach denotes the active forces within the personality that motivate behaviour, and the inner causes of behaviourRead MoreEating Disorders1328 Words   |  6 Pagesthe factors in which cause eating disorders such as biological and psychological issues, how the media and society portrays thinness and the prevalence of eating disorders in other non-westernized countries. To support these claims, I will be using several peer reviewed journal articles that I have found and also the assigned journal article that was given to me. I will begin by defining the medical diagnosis of each eating disorder. 　　When I reference eating disorders in this paper, I am specifically

Fahrenheit 451 Literary Analysis - 1106 Words

Information and knowledge, invaluable in society, are concealed and destroyed due to the government’s greed for power. The novel Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury follows the life of Guy Montag, a fireman, as he attempts to understand the dystopian society around him and his life. Montag rebels against the government and society itself in an attempt to understand his purpose. In the futuristic novel, books are illegal and burned in fires when found in homes. When Montag reveals his own collection of books, his world begins to change. In the novel and in life, people have restricted access to knowledge and information. This dystopian quality can be a result of the government’s desire to protect the people, or due to the government’s want to†¦show more content†¦The cause of Montag’s violent plan is the fact that he is unallowed to learn about the past or even read books at all. This can also be seen in reality, as people will protest if they do not ha ve access to the proper information. In Denver many students are protesting the change of the United States history curriculum, as it will cover up and not teach certain essential parts of history. The new curriculum is said to conceal events that portray the United States in a negative way, for example, slavery. This portrays the dystopian quality of restriction of information because schools are trying to keep the students from learning the negative events in history, causing protests within the student body. In the article â€Å"Denver-area Students Accuse School Board of Censoring U.S. History† it states, â€Å"Hundreds of students from at least seven Denver-area schools walked out of their classrooms Tuesday and Wednesday to protest a proposal by a member of the Jefferson County School Board†(Wallace). In both Fahrenheit 451 and the article people are rebelling against authority to show that knowledge is important in society. The government or in the article the school board, can not just cover up the past and pretend that it never took place. The information that they are keeping from society is creating problems, and overall, rebellions. In life, when information is made unavailable, people will go to drastic measures to obtain thisShow MoreRelatedFahrenheit 451 Literary Analysis822 Words   |  4 Pagesinternal struggle of dynamic character Guy Montag, as to whether he should go on believing the lies his society has told him, or risk his life for something as simple as words on a page, brings readers into the corrupt society of Fahrenheit 451. In the novel Fahrenheit 451 author Ray Bradbury illuminates the idea that censorship creates an uninformed problematic society and knowledge sets you free; this becomes clear to readers when Guy Montag becomes aware and begins a quest for knowledge, while simultaneouslyRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Fahrenheit 451, By Ray Bradbury792 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis of Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury â€Å"We never burned right†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Bradbury 113) stated Guy Montag, the main character of Fahrenheit 451. This book is about a society that is oppressive and dictatorial. They depend on firemen to burn books at an attempt at censorship and to block free thinking. They obstruct books and literature as a way to restrict knowledge and understanding. One of the major theme of Fahrenheit 451, written by Ray Bradbury, is as society gains more knowledge and wisdomRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 4511118 Words   |  5 PagesIn the book Fahrenheit 451 Ray Bradbury explains how there is a war going on. That brings sadness because people are dying while they are doing nothing. There is also a sense of adventure, curiosity, and wonder going through the book. He explains that all of this story is taking place in a city in America. He also gives a hint that is placed in the year 2053. One of the characters that is in the book is Guy Montag. He is 30 year old fireman who burns books. Montag is a little laid back at the beginningRead MoreAnimal Farm And Fahrenheit 451 Literary Analysis811 Words   |  4 Pagesagainst. Again this theme of â€Å"the struggle for freedom† is shown in the book Animal Farm by George Orwell, and Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury. In both of these novels the characters struggle to gain their freedom from the restrictions society placed on them. Freedom is only attained when it is fought for as shown in â€Å"I Have a Dream†, Fahrenheit 451, and Animal Farm. In the novel, Fahrenheit 451, Montag struggles for freedom despite societys restrictions. This is demonstrated when Montag is talking toRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 1396 Words   |  6 PagesAn Analysis of Freedom of Information in Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury This study examines the issue of freedom of information in the story of literary oppression found in Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury. Bradbury presents the oppression of an authoritarian state that does not allow its citizens to reads books. Guy Montag is initially a servant of the state that requires him to locate and persecute members of the community that still collect books. In various cases, Bradbury defines the rightsRead MoreDover Beach and Farenheit 4511461 Words   |  6 Pages English 2342 20 April 2011 Dover Beach and Fahrenheit 451 The classic poem, Dover Beach, written by Matthew Arnold, is a statement about losing faith as a result of enlightenment. In an emotionally charged scene in Ray Bradbury’s novel, Fahrenheit 451, fireman Guy Montag reads the poem aloud to his wife and her friends. Bradbury could have chosen any piece of literature for Montag to read as a means of unveiling his collection of hoarded books and his newfound interest in reading them. BradburyRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Comparison Essay1698 Words   |  7 Pagesfighting for transgender rights as can be seen in the 21st century, or fighting to be considered a free man as can be seen in the 19th century. This fight can be seen throughout history books and literary classics such as Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe. In Fahrenheit 451, the main character, Guy Montag is fighting against the technological revolution taking place in the 23rd century. He battles with a society full of censorship, where ever yone is too caught upRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography : Ray Bradbury1077 Words   |  5 PagesFahrenheit 451: Ray Bradbury An Annotated Bibliography Johnston, Amy E. Boyle. â€Å"Ray Bradbury: Fahrenheit 451 Misinterpreted.† L.A. Weekly, 4 Apr. 2016, Http://Www.laweekly.com/News/Ray-Bradbury-Fahrenheit-451-Misinterpreted-2149125. This article is about the author having an interview with Ray Bradbury about how people are mistreated because they was been kept uninformed and ignorant about censorship when its really about technology destroying the use ofRead MoreEssay on Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury972 Words   |  4 PagesIn Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, irony is used to convey information and it contributes to the overall theme of the novel. Written during the era of McCarthyism, Fahrenheit 451 is about a society where books are illegal. This society believes that being intellectual is bad and that a lot of things that are easily accessible today should be censored. The overall message of the book is that censorship is not beneficial to society, and that it could cause great harm to one’s intelligence and socialRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Fahrenheit 4511266 Words   |  6 PagesTo begin, in Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury incorporated: a censorship aspect intended for the book, social commentary , and the social critical analysis which relates to conflicts in our world today. To continue, censorship can be considered a â€Å"threat† to society, for example, Bradbury uses the concept of the overuse of media and how it can affect the world and the people around you. Furthermore, Bradbury’s key focus was to satirize the excessive use of television and the media as a news and entertainment

Wto and Gatt free essay sample

General Agreement for Trade and Tariff, which is considered as the first step towards the formation of a common platform for international trade, came into existence with effect from 1st Jan 1948, and remained till December 1994. In 1994, at Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations, it was decided to set up a permanent institution for looking after the promotion of free and fair trade amongst nations. Consequence to this decision, the GATT was transformed into World Trade Organisation (WTO) with effect from 1st Jan 1995. The Head Quarters of WTO is situated in Geneva, Switzerland. WTO is a powerful successor of GATT and a permanent organisation created by an international Treaty ratified by Government of member states which governs trade not only in goods but also in services and intellectual property rights. IT has a member driven rule – based organisation in which decisions are taken by the member government on general consensus. It has global status as World Bank and IMF being the principal international body concerned with solving trade problems. We will write a custom essay sample on Wto and Gatt or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As on 11th December 2005, there are 149 nations as members of WTO. Objectives of WTO WTO objectives are based on the idea of sustainable development in relation to the optimal use of world’s resources so as to ensure protection and preservation of the environment. The major objectives of WTO are as follows: 1. To ensure reduction of tariffs and other trade barriers imposed by different countries. 2. To engage in such activities which improve the standard of living, create employment, increase income and effective demand and facilitate higher production and trade. 3. To facilitate the optimal use of the world’s resources for sustainable development. . To promote an integrated, more viable and durable trading system. Functions of WTO ? ? ? ? ? To promote an environment that is encouraging to its member countries to come forward to WTO in mitigating their grievances. To lay down a commonly accepted code of conduct to reduce the trade barriers including tariffs and to eliminate discriminations in international trade. To act as a dispute se ttlement body. To ensure that all the rules and regulations prescribed in the Act are followed by member countries for the settlement of disputes. To hold consultations with IMF and IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) and its affiliated agencies to have better understanding and cooperation in global economic policy making. To supervise the operations of the revised Agreements and Ministered declarations relating to goods, services and Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). ? Benefits of WTO Since 1995, WTO has been constituting the legal and institutional foundation for today’s multilateral trading system. Major benefits of WTO are as follows: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? WTO helps to promote international peace and facilitate international business. WTO helps to settle all the disputes between member nations with mutual consultations. WTO’s rules make international trade and relations very smooth and predictable. WTO helps to improve the living standards of people by increasing the income level through free trade. Helps to provide ample scope of getting varieties of qualitative products through free trade. Economic growth has been fastened because of free trade. WTO encourages good government. WTO helps to foster growth of developing countries through special and preferential treatment in trade related matters.

Two-way Communication, With Both Parties Able To Express Themselves On

Two-way communication, with both parties able to express themselves on the most deep-rooted issues and really hear the other, is key to change in a family business. That was the central point of John Messervey's address to the Family Business center, September 9, 1997 at the Springfield Sheraton. Messervey, of the National Family Business Council in Lake Forest, Illinois, believes that nearly every family business will benefit by changeand that those who attended are ready to catalyze that process: "You are here because you want something to change." The specifics will vary from business to business; in recent cases, Messervey encountered these desires: a son wanted his father to invest in a new project; a mother was accused by her child of meddling; a sibling looked for ways to prevent his brother from antagonizing key employees; another sibling was asked to "quit pretending she's working." Messervey's analysis concentrated on the family, which he sees as "the prototype for all organization; business patterns are just an extension" of the roles played out in family dynamics. In every family there will be "customers for change"those who stand to benefit from upsetting the applecart, often the family scapegoats or those who feel disenfranchised. But there are also "guardians of the status quo," who like things just the way they are and vigorously protect their turf. One of Messervey's clients compared change in his family to "bowling in sand." Every family has its own set of myths, roles, and rules or customs. But at the same time, there are "secrets" and "unspeakables"; these hidden shames are the action points for change To demonstrate, Messervey showed a short clip from "Prince of Tides," showing a sharply dysfunctional family. Nick Nolte plays a husband who blocks his wife's every attempt to bring up important issues. But at the same time, he and his own mother have some serious unfinished business to take care ofdeep and dark "unspeakables"which causes every interaction between them to run up against a wall of mutual hostility. In Nolte's fictional family, as in any other, those who are ignored find a way to act out and be noticed. And since family members know better than anyone else how to hit the "hot buttons" that will get a reaction from other family members, the stakes can be pretty high. When you know how to get someone really furious, you run the risk of starting a long-lasting feud that could run for decades. But Messervey comments, "they must have really cared for each other; you don't fight if you don't care." He believes many of the silly disagreements among family members are "to add heat. Over time, all relationships cool." These little sparks are a way to keep the relationship fresh and interesting, even after a half-century or more, as Messervey demonstrated with a second video clip, from "For Better or For Worse"where, despite 56 years of happy marriage, a couple still can't let go of an ancient minor argument. But that family was able to openly air their disagreement. In families with deeper problems, attempts at communication are continuously rebuffed. Messervey quoted sociologist Carl Whittaker's book, The Family Crucible: Why, in spite of a genuine desire to change, does a family hold backIf a family has tried repeatedly to change and has met only pain and failure, making still another attempt can have frightening overtonesWhat if they really tryand fail again? What is left except utter despair? The family cringes in fear; they fight against the change which they know they must attempt. But don't confuse fear by disempowered family members of initiating change with resistance to change by those who will lose power: that resistance, says Messervey, is a sign that things are working. Change is imminent and the guardians of the status quo are desperately trying to block it. They feel the pressure, the need to acknowledge the issues; the call for change can no longer be simply swept under the rug. In fact, the rug is bulging so high off the floorto stretch the metaphor a bit fartherthat someone had better do something before there's a liability suit to contend with. Some families have ignored so many little issues that, like a dense forest that needs a huge fire to clean out Two-way Communication, With Both Parties Able To Express Themselves On Two-way communication, with both parties able to express themselves on the most deep-rooted issues and really hear the other, is key to change in a family business. That was the central point of John Messervey's address to the Family Business center, September 9, 1997 at the Springfield Sheraton. Messervey, of the National Family Business Council in Lake Forest, Illinois, believes that nearly every family business will benefit by changeand that those who attended are ready to catalyze that process: "You are here because you want something to change." The specifics will vary from business to business; in recent cases, Messervey encountered these desires: a son wanted his father to invest in a new project; a mother was accused by her child of meddling; a sibling looked for ways to prevent his brother from antagonizing key employees; another sibling was asked to "quit pretending she's working." Messervey's analysis concentrated on the family, which he sees as "the prototype for all organization; business patterns are just an extension" of the roles played out in family dynamics. In every family there will be "customers for change"those who stand to benefit from upsetting the applecart, often the family scapegoats or those who feel disenfranchised. But there are also "guardians of the status quo," who like things just the way they are and vigorously protect their turf. One of Messervey's clients compared change in his family to "bowling in sand." Every family has its own set of myths, roles, and rules or customs. But at the same time, there are "secrets" and "unspeakables"; these hidden shames are the action points for change To demonstrate, Messervey showed a short clip from "Prince of Tides," showing a sharply dysfunctional family. Nick Nolte plays a husband who blocks his wife's every attempt to bring up important issues. But at the same time, he and his own mother have some serious unfinished business to take care ofdeep and dark "unspeakables"which causes every interaction between them to run up against a wall of mutual hostility. In Nolte's fictional family, as in any other, those who are ignored find a way to act out and be noticed. And since family members know better than anyone else how to hit the "hot buttons" that will get a reaction from other family members, the stakes can be pretty high. When you know how to get someone really furious, you run the risk of starting a long-lasting feud that could run for decades. But Messervey comments, "they must have really cared for each other; you don't fight if you don't care." He believes many of the silly disagreements among family members are "to add heat. Over time, all relationships cool." These little sparks are a way to keep the relationship fresh and interesting, even after a half-century or more, as Messervey demonstrated with a second video clip, from "For Better or For Worse"where, despite 56 years of happy marriage, a couple still can't let go of an ancient minor argument. But that family was able to openly air their disagreement. In families with deeper problems, attempts at communication are continuously rebuffed. Messervey quoted sociologist Carl Whittaker's book, The Family Crucible: Why, in spite of a genuine desire to change, does a family hold backIf a family has tried repeatedly to change and has met only pain and failure, making still another attempt can have frightening overtonesWhat if they really tryand fail again? What is left except utter despair? The family cringes in fear; they fight against the change which they know they must attempt. But don't confuse fear by disempowered family members of initiating change with resistance to change by those who will lose power: that resistance, says Messervey, is a sign that things are working. Change is imminent and the guardians of the status quo are desperately trying to block it. They feel the pressure, the need to acknowledge the issues; the call for change can no longer be simply swept under the rug. In fact, the rug is bulging so high off the floorto stretch the metaphor a bit fartherthat someone had better do something before there's a liability suit to contend with. Some families have ignored so many little issues that, like a dense forest that needs a huge fire to clean out